موسسه انتشارات دانشگاه تهران نشریه هنرهای زیبا: هنرهای تجسمی 2228-6039 31 3 2026 09 23 A Study of Tile Parapets in Timurid and Turkmen Period Buildings of Yazd Province based on Geometric Pattern and Motif مطالعه جان‌ پناه‌های کاشی بناهای دورۀ تیموری و ترکمانانِ استان یزد بر اساس طرح و نقش هندسی 49 60 103682 10.22059/jfava.2025.393341.667455 FA زهرا راشدنیا دکتری باستان شناسی (دوران اسلامی،) گروه باستان شناسی، دانشکده حفاظت و مرمت، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. 0000-0002-5999-2580 Journal Article 2025 04 14 During the Timurid and Turkmen periods, Yazd province witnessed unique examples of tile decorations called Parapets. So that these Parapets have common characteristics in terms of the patterns and motifs used in their center/background and borders,which emphasizes the uniqueness of the named decoration in this region of the country during the mentioned periods. For this reason, it is possible to identify and classify this category of decorations and also to understand the local style in the Yazd region during the period under study.Therefore, the purpose of this article is to introduce and classify the tile Parapets used in the buildings of the mentioned period in Yazd province based on their geometric Pattern and Motif in order to achieve a local/regional style.During the review of the motifs found in tilework,the execution technique, colors, etc. are also briefly mentioned. Therefore, the main research question can be posed as follows: What are the most common geometric Patterns and Motifs of the tile Parapets of buildings from the Timurid and Turkmen periods in Yazd province? The present study is based on a method of interpretive-historical research and a qualitative data analysis and interpretation method.The research methodology of gathering information and data is documentary and based on extensive field observations,including visiting buildings, taking pictures of tile Parapets, and drawing some samples with various software such as CorelDraw, Photoshop, etc.The statistical population of this study includes all tile Parapets from the Timurid and Turkmen periods in Yazd province, which include ten buildings. Therefore, first the findings are presented and then the introduction and classification of the tile Parapets of the buildings of this time period in Yazd province are discussed.Sometimes a local style is implemented in a specific and specific region, and sometimes it encompasses a wider geographical area. For example, the existence of tile Parapets during a specific period, as well as some geometric Motifs that have been repeated many times, all belong to the same region. This indicates that the mentioned region had a local style and probably created works with special characteristics at the request of local founders and artists. The most prominent of these features is the extensive use of geometric motifs, including the »regular hexagonal« knot in the center/background and the »Six and Triangle« on the edges of the tile's Parapets.Based on the available evidence mentioned in the text of the article, the tile Parapets of the Timurid and Turkmen periods in Yazd province are unique to this region, and no similar examples have been found in other parts of the country.Although there are unique tile decorations in the eastern part of Iran and other regions of the country during the aforementioned periods, none of them have tile Parapets, and if they do exist, they do not have tile decorations.This type of decoration is seen in buildings in the Yazd region and has been a common pattern in some of the decorations of buildings in this region. Its absence in other parts of the Timurid and Turkmen territories in Iran could be evidence of the local style of this type of decoration, which is located in the same time period and region. In addition, the limitation of this category of decorations to a specific region (Yazd province) can indicate common decorative patterns and methods that have usually been of interest and attention to creators, founders, and commissioners of works of art in each historical period and in a specific area. The results of this research indicate that examining the existing examples of tile Parapets from the Timurid and Turkmen periods in Yazd province, it was determined that only geometric motifs were used in their center/background and borders.The tile Parapets of the mentioned eras of Yazd province can be classified into two major groups, »regular hexagonal« and »Six and roundel Jointed Toranj« in terms of the geometric motifs of the center/background.The borders are designed with geometric patterns and motifs, such as simple border without motif, »quatrefoil and ellipse« and »Six and Triangle« knot.The »regular hexagonal« knot is the most common geometric motif used in the center/background of the Parapets. The aforementioned knot is worked with turquoise cut tiles in the center/background of the Parapets of 10 buildings in the province. The borders in most of the Parapets are made with the »Six and Triangle« knot. In a limited number of cases, the borders of some Parapets consist of geometric designs consisting of the repetition of two simple geometric motifs, such as »quatrefoil and ellipse« or a simple, narrow border without motifs.Therefore,the buildings of Yazd province can be indicative of a local style, from one side, in terms of having Parapets and on the other hand, due to the use of common geometric motifs in them.A style whose works and evidence can only be traced in this province during the period under study. استان یزد در دوران تیموری و ترکمانان، شاهد نمونه‌های منحصربه‌فردی از تزئینات کاشی‌کاری در بخش جان‌پناهِ ابنیه تاریخی بوده است. این قطعات معماری که به‌وفور در بناهای استان یزد یافت می‌شوند، می‌توانند بازتاب‌دهنده یک سبک محلی/ منطقه‌ای باشند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف معرفی و طبقه‌بندی تزئینات کاشی‌کاریِ جان‌پناه‌ها در ابنیه دوران مذکور در استان یزد بر اساس طرح و نقش هندسی انجام شده است تا از این طریق، ویژگی‌های سبک منطقه‌ایِ کاشی‌کاری در یزد را تبیین نماید. پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی‌ـ‌تحلیلی انجام شده و گردآوری داده‌ها بر پایه مطالعات میدانی و استناد به منابع مکتوب استوار است. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که جان‌پناه‌های کاشی عصر تیموری و ترکمانان در استان یزد، از لحاظ نقوش هندسیِ مرکز/ زمینه، به دو گروه عمده «شش‌ضلعی منتظم» و «شش ‌و شمسه ‌ترنج‌دار» قابل‌طبقه‌بندی هستند. حاشیه‌ها نیز با طرح‌هایی نظیر «ساده و بدون نقش»، «چهارلنگه و بیضی» و «شش ‌و تکّه» اجرا شده‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که گره «شش‌ضلعی منتظم» رایج‌ترین نقش در مرکز/زمینه و گره «شش ‌و تکّه» پرکاربردترین نقش در حاشیه‌های اطراف است. شباهت‌های ساختاری و تکرار هوشمندانه این الگوهای هندسی در ابنیه یزد، متمایز از الگوهای رایج در سایر مراکز هم‌زمان است؛ امری که اصالت و تشخصِ یک «سبک محلی/ منطقه‌ای» را در مکتب معماری و کاشی‌کاری یزدِ عصر تیموری و ترکمانان اثبات می‌کند. https://jfava.ut.ac.ir/article_103682_90dac68e49919f43d6342aed1f5c1add.pdf