شناخت دلایل بازطراحی لوگو در طول عمر برند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری پژوهش هنر، دانشکده پژوهش های عالی هنر و کارآفرینی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان ، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه ارتباط تصویری، دانشکده هنرهای تجسمی، دانشگاه هنر، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه مدیریت جهانگردی، دانشکده پژوهش های عالی هنر و کارآفرینی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان ، ایران.

چکیده

یک برند در طول عمر خود بنا به دلایلی ممکن است نیاز به بازسازی داشته باشد و در این میان لوگو به مثابه دریچه‌ی ورودی به برند و بازنمای هویت آن، نیاز به بازطراحی شدن دارد. با وجود این مهم، در ایران کم‌تر برندی دست به بازطراحی لوگوی خود می‌زند. حساسیت بازطراحی لوگو در سرنوشت یک برند و کمبود دانش به ‌روز در این موضوع، می‌تواند دلایل ثابت ماندن اکثر لوگوهای داخلی برای دهه‌ها و فاصله گرفتن از سلیقه‌ی بصری مخاطبانشان باشد. لذا پژوهش حاضر در راستای حل این نقیصه، با استناد به نظریه‌های مرتبط به لوگو و بازطراحی لوگو، به امر شناخت دلایل بازطراحی لوگو به همراه مثال‌های عینی پرداخته است. در پاسخ به سوال اصلی پژوهش که دلایل بازطراحی لوگو در طول عمر یک برند چه مواردی است، پژوهش حاضر ضمن دسته‌بندی دلایل ممکن بازطراحی لوگو، به این مهم دست یافته است که بازطراحی لوگو تنها امری هنری و سلیقه‌ای و تنها به دلایل گرافیکی نبوده، بلکه دلایل مشخص و هدف‌مندی را بر اساس نیازها و اهداف برند دنبال می‌نماید. این پژوهش از حیث هدف کاربردی و به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و همچنین اطلاعات به صورت کتابخانه‌ای گردآوری شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


پهلوان، فهیمه (1390)، درآمدی بر تحلیل عناصر تصویری در آرم، چاپ چهارم، انتشارات دانشگاه هنر، تهران.
حکیم آرا، محمدعلی (1392)، ارتباط متقاعدگرانه در تبلیغ(ویراست2)، انتشارات سمت، چاپ چهارم، تهران.
سپهر، مسعود (1393)، شرحی بر نشانه­ها، چاپ اول، انتشارات هرمس، تهران.
 عزیزی، شهریار؛ جمالی کاپک، شهرام و رضایی، مرتضی (1391)، بررسی ارتباط بین ارزش ویژه برند با همخوانی شخصیت برند و مشتری، فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی تحقیقات بازاریابی نوین،2(4)، صص63-81
Aaker, D. A (1991), Managing Brand Equity, Macmillan, Free Press, New York.
Aaker, D.A (1996), Building Strong Brands, The Free Press, New York, NY.
Adîr Victor , Adîr George, Pascu Nicoleta Elisabeta ( 2014 ) , How to design a logo, 2nd World Conference on Design, Arts and Education DAE-2013, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 122, pp.140 – 144.
AT&T (2005), The new AT&T unveils new corporate logo on first day as nation’s largest telecommunications company, available at: http://www.att.com/gen/press room.pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=21908 (accessed 24 November 2014).
Banerjee, S (2008), Logo change: little image touch up or serious overhaul!, Journal of              Marketing & Communication, Vol. 4 No.2, pp. 59-70.
Bennett, Peter D (1995), Dictionary of Marketing Terms, IL: NTC Business Books, Lincolnwood.
Bo van Grinsven, Enny Das (2015), Processing different degrees of logo change: When higher levels of brand consciousness decrease openness to substantial logo changes, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 49 Issue: 11/12, pp.1710-1727.
Collin, R. Payne; Michael, R. Hyman; Mihai Niculescu & Bruce A. Huhmann (2013), Anthropomorphic responses to new-to-market logos, Journal of Marketing Management, 29:1-2, pp.122-140.
Collange, V (2015), Consumer reaction to service rebranding, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, pp.178-186.
Da Silveira, C; Lages, C & Simoes, C (2013), Reconceptualizing Brand Identity in A Dynamic Environment, Journal of Business Research, Volume 66, Issue 1, pp. 28-36.
Daly, Aidan & Deirdre Moloney (2004), Managing Corporate Rebranding, Irish Marketing Review, 17 (1/2), pp.30-36.
Dolan Flaherty, Sarah (2013), Culturally Responsible Logo Design, For the Degree of Master of Fine Arts in Graphic Design at The Savannah College of Art and Design.
Giberson, Robert and John Hulland(1994), Using Logos as cues to Recognition: A Preliminary Study, Working Paper Series, University of Western Ontario. Western Business School. Research and Publications.Western Business School, University of Western Ontario pp.94-24.
Haber, Ralph Norman (1958), Discrepancy from Adaptation Level as a Source of
Affect, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56(4), pp.370-375.
Harris, L.C & Goode, M.M.H (2004), The Four Levels of Loyalty and the Pivotal Role of Trust: A Study of Online Service Dynamics, J Retailing, 80(2), pp.139–58
Hansen, Flemming (1972), Consumer Choice Behavior: A Cognitive Theory, The Free Press, New York.
Hakala, U; Lätti, S & Sandberg, B (2011), Operationalising brand heritage and cultural heritage, Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 20, pp.447- 456.
Henderson, P. W; Cote, J. A; Leong, S. M & Schmitt, B. H (2003), Building strong brands in Asia: Selecting the visual components of image to maximize brand strength, International Journal of Research in Marketing, No.20, pp.297–313.
Hibberd, J (2014), WWE unveils new logo: Here are all of them since 1982, Entertainment Weekly, August 15, 2014, http://www.ew.com/article/2014/08/15/wwe logo (accessed 221 July 2015).
Horsky, D and Swyngedouw, P (1987), Does it pay to change your company's name? a stock  market perspective, Marketing Science, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 320-335.
 
Julien Grobert, Caroline Cuny, Marianela Fornerino, (2016) "Surprise! We changed the logo", Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 25 Issue: 3, pp.239-246.
Joana Cesar Machado, Leonor Vacas de Carvalho, Anna Torres, Patrício Costa (2015), Brand logo design: examining consumer response to naturalness, Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 24 Issue: 1, pp.78-87.
Kapferer, J.N (2002), Ce qui va changer les marques, Editions Organisation, Paris.
Kahney, Leander (2003), Apple Doin the Logo Motion, www.wired.com, accessed October, 14, 2004.
Collange, V (2015), Consumer reaction to service rebranding, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, No.22, pp.178-186.
Kalaignanam, K and Bahadir, S.C (2013), Corporate brand name changes and business restructuring: is the relationship complementary or substitutive?, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 456-472.
Kohli, Chiranjeev; Rajneesh, Suri and Mrugank, Thakor (2002), Creative Logos: Insights from Theory and Practice, Business Horizons, 45(3), pp.58-64.
Lomax, W and Mador, M (2006), Corporate re-branding: from normative models to knowledge management, Journal of Brand Management, Vol.14, No. 1, pp. 82-95.
Manville, Richard (1965), How Much Does an Industrial Logotype Add to the Effectiveness of an Advertisemant?, Journal of Marketing, 29(2), pp.57-59.
Merrilees, B and Miller, D (2008), Principles of corporate rebranding, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 42, No.5/6, pp. 537-552.
Miceli, G.N; Scopelliti, I; Raimondo, M.A and Donato, C (2014), Breaking through complexity: Visual and conceptual dimensions in logo evaluation across exposures, Psychology & Marketing, Vol. 31, No. 10, pp. 886-899.
Michael, F; Walsh, Karen; Page, Winterich & Vikas, Mittal (2010), Do logo redesigns help or hurt your brand? The role of brand commitment, Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 19, Iss 2, pp. 76-84.
Mininni, T (2005), Marketing metrics and package design, available at: www.brandchannel.com/brand_speak.asp? bs_id ¼ 117 (accessed January 17, 2007).
Machado, J.C; Carvalho, L.V; Costa, P and Lencastre, P (2012), Brand mergers: Examining consumers’ responses to name and logo design, Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol. 21, No.6, pp. 418-427.
Muller, B; Kocher, B and Crettaz, A (2013), The effects of visual rejuvenation through brand logos, Journal of Business Research, Vol.66, No.1, pp.82-88.
Muzellec, Laurent; Manus; Doogan and Mary, Lambkin (2003), Corporate Rebranding An Exploratory Review, Irish Marketing Review, 16(2), pp.31-40.
Nisen, M (2013), This logo change caused Tropicana sales to plunge, available at:  http://www.businessinsider.com/tropicana-packaging-change-failure-2013 9#ixzz2t8JxN15C (accessed 12 February 2014).
Park, C.W; Eisengerich, A.B; Pol, G and Park, J.W (2013), The role of brand logos in firm  performance, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 66, pp. 180-187.
Peterson, C and Seligman, M. E. P (Eds.) (2004), Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Pimentel, Ronald and Susan, Heckler(2000),Changes in Logo Designs:Chasing the Elusive Butterfly Curve,Working Paper,1-24.
Round, D. J. G and  Roper, S (2012), “Exploring consumer brand name equity: gaining insight  through the investigation of response to name change, European Journal of Marketing,  Vol. 46 No.7/8, pp. 938-951.
Reinartz, W.J & Kumar, V (2002), ThemIs Management of Customer Loyalty, Harvard Business Review, No.80, pp.86–94.
Schechter, Alvin H (1993), Measuring the Value of Corporate and Brand Logos, Design Management Journal, (Winter), pp.33-39.
Slater, Jan S (2000), Collecting Brand Loyalty: A Comparative Analysis of How Coca Cola and Hallmark Use Collecting Behavior to Enhance Brand Loyalty, in Annual Conference of the Association of Consumer Research, Salt Lake City, UT.
Siegel, Lucy B (1989), Planning for a Long-Life Logo, Marketing Communications,14 (March), pp.44-49.
Singla, V and Aggarwal, N (2014), Rebranding of Bharti Airtel Ltd.: A case of logo changes, IUP Journal of Brand Management, Dec 2014, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 53-71.
Stuart, Helen and Laurent Muzellec (2004), Corporate Makeovers: Can a Hyena be
Rebranded?, Journal of Brand Management, 11 (6), pp.472-482.
Walsh, M. F; Page, K. L and Mittal, V (2010), Do logo redesigns help or hurt your brand? The role of brand commitment, Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 76-84.
Walsh, M.F; Winterich, K.P & Mittal, V (2011), How re-designing angular logos to be rounded shapes brand attitude: Consumer brand commitment and self-construal, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 28 No. 6, pp. 438- 447.
Wasserman, T (2014), PayPal’s new logo will no longer be confused with a parking sign,  available at: http://mashable.com/2014/04/30/new-paypal-logo (accessed 24 November  2014).
Yi-Lin Tsai, Chekitan s. Dev, and Pradeep Chintagunta (2015), What’s in a Brand Name? Assessing the Impact of Rebranding in the Hospitality Industry, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 865-878.
Zmuda, N (2008), What went in to the updated Pepsi logo, Advertising Age, Vol.79, No.40, p. 6.