Analysis of the painting on the way to Golgotha by Peter Bruegel based on the views of Mikhail Bakhtin

 Peter Bruegel is one of the greatest painters of the Flemish society of the sixteenth century, who in his works has considered the cultural and historical contexts and has displayed the characteristics of his society. The way he performed his paintings introduces him as the greatest comic artist of the Renaissance and the Middle Ages. But his work goes beyond laughter. To gain a deeper understanding and a newer meaning of his paintings, one must study them in relation to the cultural context in which they are created. A dialogue is a feature of Bruegel's work that reflects the society and culture of Flanders in the sixteenth century. Bakhtin, a twentieth-century Russian linguist, is one of the most prominent theorists to have dealt with the concept of dialogue, conversation, and polyphony. The aim of the present study is to study one of Bruegel's famous paintings called "A Way to Jaljata" and its relationship with Bakhtin's views on dialogue and polyphony by descriptive-analytical and comparative methods. It is a collection of library information, and the components and elements that create the dialogue and polyphony mentioned by Bakhtin are identified, introduced, and adapted by Bruegel. The results show that this work, based on Bakhtin's theory of dialogue, has the necessary components of dialogue and polyphony, and at the same time, it has been able to show the various conditions of its society in the best possible way.The usefulness of Bakhtin's ideas should begin with a description of his understanding of the phenomenology of self and his relationships with others, which he relates to the idea of accountability and reciprocity. In this research, the components of dialogue introduced by Bakhtin in the path to Jelgata by Peter Bruegel are identified and studied descriptively-analytically. Among the elements that can be identified and introduced as components of dialogue are narration, visual contradictions, movements and moods, sound and atmosphere. These five elements are the most basic techniques and tools for creating dialogue in the painting and are very useful in creating concepts such as polyphony, equality, freedom and dealing with the other. In the painting, usually using all or part of the techniques can convey these concepts clearly to the viewer. In the present study, after dividing the panel into different spaces, the application of dialogue techniques in these spaces is investigated. To this end, to identify issues such as the number of narratives that are more conversational, aspects of narrative sound, the introduction of images that are contradictory in meaning but complement the higher concept (narrations on the basis of which the effect is meaningful), The technique of sound and movement and moods that are essential factors in creating dialogue and animating images and narrations are discussed. For this purpose, diagrams are drawn that show the extent to which conversational and polyphonic techniques are used. Each technique is examined separately to reveal the amount of dialogue. The dialogue presented by Mikhail Bakhtin is one of the factors that create a connection in works of art, especially literature.