A narratological analysis of the imprisonment of Zahhak in Baisanqari's Shahnameh based on the theory of Gérard Genet

Narratology is one of the methods of understanding the principles governing narratives. Many theorists have researched in the field of narratology. Gérard Genet is one of the prominent structuralists in this field. Genet's theory focuses on how to look at the text and allows the reader to understand how texts are internalized in other texts. According to him, there are five factors to analyze the body of a narrative: continuity, frequency, order, which these three and the other two factors are face and tone related to time. On the other hand, one of the characteristics of the art of painting in Iran is the connection of this art with poetry. One of the goals of painters has been to use visual themes and spaces in poems. The stories of Shahnameh have been illustrated many times by painters. These stories, in addition to entertaining and filling leisure time, have an educational and moral aspect. The story of chaining Zahak is one of the stories of the Shahnameh, which is very educational in it due to the dominance of light over darkness and good over evil, and it has inspired the painters who emphasized the permanence of this part of the story, that is, to drawing oppression and darkness and portraying and narrating it in different ways in different periods and schools according to the characteristics unique to their time. The purpose of the present research is to adapt the visual narrative to the arrest of Zahak in Baisangari's Shahnameh based on the factors that analyze the narrative in Genet's theory of narratology. The research method was descriptive-analytical, while describing the visual space, it was tried to connect it with the verbal text and analyze the relationship between the text and the image. The collection of materials has been a library and written and visual sources have been used. Based on this, the questions are raised that how can the narrative analysis of the mentioned image be based on Genet's theory? Also, how did the painter show the time in the picture? due to the structural differences between the verbal text and the visual text, it is not possible for the painter to use the continuity of the image to show the events like poeter. By using the story and its features, the poet can follow the connection of events step by step and in this way use all the verbal capacities such as the orderly sequence of events, the repetition of story spaces and the continuity of an event. But this capacity does not exist for the painter. Therefore, he tries to break the time sequence of events and display image by connecting two or more events and in this way by intervening in things such as face, it draws new angles for the audience and makes the role of the audience more colorful from this point of view. It can be said that the painter's role is more colorful in tone as a visual expression and acts as an omniscient.