Study and Analysis of bride figure the Islamic pottery of Nishapur with birds in the ecosystem of the region

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Archeology, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, University of Bu-Ali Sina

2 Archaeologist Expert Of Cultural Heritage Organization

Abstract

By observing the articles published in the area of Nishapur pottery and especially the decorative patterns of this type of Islamic pottery, which is among the works of art of the Islamic era of Iran, it can be easily seen that many of these papers and studies on the effect of these designs on symbolic works and concepts And the mysteries of the logical system are focused, but was the pottery maker Nishapur when decorating its handmade only influenced by the magic and mysterious works? Did there be any variety of birds around the artist living in his ecosystem that he encountered on a daily basis did not affect his ability to design and catalog his pottery with the role of a bird? By analyzing these questions, an analytical approach has been attempted to investigate the hypothesis that there are good biological conditions for migratory and non-migratory birds in general in the great Khorasan, and in particular in the Nishapur area, it seems that the Nishapur potter In addition to the symbolic concepts, it was also affected by the creation of motifs from the types of birds present in its environment, and attempted to design images of any type of bird to be observed with its natural features on the pottery, by redesigning the types of patterns used in clay dishes In the book " early Islamic pottery of Nishapur" Compilation to Charles Wilkinson's Leaf Characteristics and the comparison of their apparent features and species of birds in the nature of the region as well as their biological domains, the impact of the ecosystem on the artwork of Nishapur (including bird motifs). In this research, using a descriptive-comparative method, we have tried to study the information of the pictures of pottery published in the book "Islamic early pottery of Nishapur " written by Charles Wilkinson. In this research, the role of the bird on the pottery has been redesigned with the help of design software, and in order to carry out comparative studies, designed motifs with images of birds species published in the books, are placed inside a table and in addition to the comparison. By studying the pottery in the book, more than 29 roles were identified that were not repeated and showed different characteristics of certain species of the bird. After studying the features of the motifs and comparing them with similar species, it was determined that all motifs were dominated by 8 orders and There are 23 different species, among which the major volume is related to birds that are generally able to live and live in residential areas and people have close links with them. Importantly, no bird was found among the motifs. However, on the Sassanid artistic productions, most of the birds' motifs have been used. In addition, in the ecosystem of the region, there are a variety of bird species that their motifs In the Sassanid period and in works such as the Masnavi, the allegory of the Almightyar of Attar has been used.

Keywords


- ادهمی میر حسینی، علی، (1387). دانشنامه پرندگان. چاپ اول، تهران: وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری- بنیاد دانشنامه بزرگ فارسی.
- اسکات، درک و مروج همدانی، حسین و ادهمی میرحسینی، علی، (1354). پرندگان ایران. چاپ اول، تهران: سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست.
- چنگیز، سحر و رضالو، رضا، (۱۳۹۰). ارزیابی نمادین نقوش جانوری سفال نیشابور (قرن سوم و چهارم ه.ق). هنرهای زیبا- هنرهای تجسمی. شماره ۴۷، صص ۳۳-۴۴.
- دهخدا، علی اکبر، (1335). لغت نامه دهخدا. شماره مسلسل: 23 شماره حرف (ط): 1 (ط طاهرزاده)، جلد 33، تهران: خورشیدی، دانشگاه تهران.
- دیانی، امین‌الله، (1376). پرندگان خاورمیانه و خاور نزدیک، تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
- منصوری، جمشید، (1379). راهنمای صحرائی پرندگان ایران. تهران: ذهن‌آویز.
- Audubon, J.James. (1838). American Flamingo. Teaching Activities. Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
- Baptista, L., P. Trail, H. Horblit. (1992). Family Columbidae (Pigeons and Doves). 60-243 in J del Hoyo, A Elliott, J Sargatal, eds. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 4. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
- Derek A. Scott, Ali. Adhami. (2006). An Updated Checklist of the Birds of Iran.West & Central Asian Ornithological Journal (Podoces). Vol. 1, Num. 1 & 2. 1-16.
- Dyke, G., B. Gulas, T. Crowe, (2003). Suprageneric relationships of galliform birds (Aves, Galliformes): a cladistics analysis of morphological characters. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 227-244.
- Godfrey, W. Earl, (1986). The Birds of Canada (Revised ed). National Museum of Natural Sciences. 179.
- Higgins, P.J. & Davies, S.J.J.F. (editors), (1996). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand &​ Antarctic birds. Volume 3, Snipe to pigeons, Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
- Higgins, P.J.; Peter, J.M. & Steele, W.K. (editors), (2001). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Volume 5, Tyrant-flycatchers to chats. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. 51-55, 457-462, 1191-1207.
- Perrins, C, Forshaw, Joseph, ed, (1991). Encyclopedia of Animals: Birds. London: Mercyhurst Press.
- Wilkinson, C .(1973). Nishapur: Pottery of the Early Islamic Period, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
-URL 1: www.iranbirds.com