The Aesthetics of the Image of the Worker in the Paintings of the Last Three Decades of the Nineteenth Century Critical Discourse Analysis of the Works of Maximilian Luce

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Candidate of Art Research, Department of Advanced Studies of Art, School of Visual Arts, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Advanced Studies of Art, School of Visual Arts, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

 M
arx meant of the masses, the industrial workers of
consciousness who were able to change living conditions and
control the production cycle. He did not blame the machine
industry for the class gap, and argued that the dominance of
the ruling class over technology had changed its nature in its
favor. The difficult work, low wages and living problems of
the workers, as the most important drivers of the industrial,
production and economic cycle, have historically fueled
labor strikes and protests. Class conflict and social injustice
resulting from capitalist domination led to struggles and
strikes of the working class, and these protests in 1864
with the establishment of the first international workers
'organization and finally in 1871 with the formation of the
first workers' commune government. Meanwhile, the events
of the last three decades of the nineteenth century turned art
and literature into a platform for reflecting the social and
political conditions of the time. The works of art created
in this historical period narrate the critique and display of
daily life, the problem of labor and injustice of the capitalist
society, the life of working women and children, and the
description of the demands and struggles of the working
society, their encouragement to reach a world without
Exploitation. The question that arises here is what is the role
of Marx's philosophical views in the creation and production
of works of art related to the working class? According to
the research, the structure of art in the last three decades of
the nineteenth century was the beginning of the impact of
art on Marx's practical philosophy in the field of machine,
technology, social relations and the description of society
in the machine in the field of labor and capital. According
to Marx, advanced machine tools did not cause a change in
social hierarchy and class distance, but rather the domination
of the ruling class over technology, which changed its nature
in its favor. The approach of social art at this time was the
working class's awareness of its situation, the departure from
perpetual passivity, the challenge of the dominant discourse
and critique of capitalist society, and at the same time in
the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the praise
of mechanism as a tool in It was to facilitate the life of the
workers and not as a tool in the monopoly of capitalism. To
explain the hypothesis, Maximilian Luce's paintings have
been read using Norman Fairclough's theory of critical
discourse. According to the result, a critical reading of
Loos's paintings of workers working with machines sends
a message that reflects Marx's remarks about the effects of
machines on modern industry, and his paintings criticize the
exhausting industrial work of workers and at the same time,
he admires the machine and new technology in advancing
human goals. This research is considered as a basictheoretical research and based on its nature and method,
it is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting
information is library. 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Fine Arts: Visual Arts
Volume 27, Issue 4
November 2022
Pages 29-40

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